S.6 Geo Fishing Caltec S.6

FISHING The term fishing refers to the extraction of aquatic animals from the seas/ oceans and inland water bodies. The aquatic animals include fish, whales, seals, pearls, crabs, shrimps etc. Fishing is one the oldest occupations of man. Due to advancements in technology and increased demand for proteins, fishing is increasingly becoming an important occupation. A well developed fishing industry can provide cheap proteins and essential minerals (like calcium, iodine, phosphorus), fish liver oils; employment , industrial development ( e.g. making animal feeds, glue, soap, margarine, paints, ink, medicine, perfumes and cosmetics). Today there is protection of international waters to check on the impact of the fishing industry, in order to ensure sustainable exploitation of aquatic life. Distribution of Major fishing grounds in the world The world’s major fishing grounds (fisheries) are located in the cool waters of the northern hemisphere, although there is also fishing in the southern hemisphere. The fishing grounds include: North West Pacific fishing grounds North East Pacific fishing grounds North West Atlantic fishing grounds North East Atlantic fishing grounds Other important fishing grounds are: The Caribbean region The Peruvian-Chilean coastlines Maghreb region (North West Africa) South African coast upto Angola World fish types Salt –water fish These spend their entire lives in oceans and seas, and they are categorized as: (a)Pelagic fish Fish stay at or near the water surface of seas/ oceans. Examples are herrings, mackerel, sardines, pilchards, brisling, anchovies/anchoveta, menhaden, tuna, swordfish, marlin, mahi-mahi, shell fish (b) Demersal fish This lives at the bottom of the seas/ oceans or in deep waters. Fish species include cod, haddock, halibut, hake, plaice, Pollock, flounders, sole, cusk, and Rose fish. Fresh water fish This is found in inland streams, rivers and lakes. Also in ponds, paddy fields etc the fish species include: Sturgeon, Carp, Roach, Tilapia …